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Cerebral palsy is a condition that causes problems with movement as a result of abnormal brain development in the womb. These problems may come from weakness, poor muscle coordination, and spasticity (muscle stiffness).
Though the cause of cerebral palsy is often unknown, it is associated with prematurity, low birth weight, abnormal fetal development, a lack of oxygen, and strokes or infections while in the womb.
Cerebral palsy is treated with physical and occupational therapy to increase children’s motor function. Medicine and surgery can help improve a child’s spasticity.
Some children may walk on their toes or have other minor problems. Other children can have much more difficulty. They may not be able to walk, talk, or eat.
Cerebral palsy is mainly a movement problem, but it may affect children in other ways. They may have difficulty learning, poor vision and hearing. They may also have a hard time swallowing, seizures, bowel and bladder problems, and behavioral difficulties.
Take your child to the doctor if your child loses awareness of their surroundings or has a seizure. You should also take your child to the doctor if they have:
No one knows what causes cerebral palsy most of the time. Several factors may be associated with the condition:
Your doctor will take your child’s medical history. They will ask if your child was premature and if you think they are developing normally. The doctor will check your child’s movement patterns and reflexes. They may order an MRI, a machine that can take electronic pictures of the brain. The doctor may also order other lab tests or genetic tests.
Your child will probably have physical and occupational therapy to improve their motor function. This may require splinting and casting. At home, your child will have strengthening and stretching programs. Encourage your child to take part in sports and recreation activities.
If your child can walk, therapists will help them walk as best they can. Children who cannot walk that well use canes, walkers, or braces. Sometimes children can walk short distances but may benefit from a wheelchair for longer distances. Therapists can help children who can’t walk sit up better and use their hands to communicate.
Cerebral palsy usually can’t be prevented. However, you can lessen risks by following these steps:
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This medical information is provided by Intermountain Healthcare. It has not been developed to replace medical advice provided by your health care provider.
Last review date: March 2017