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Atopic dermatitis [ey-TOP-ik dur-muh-TIE-tis], also known as eczema [EK-suh-mah], is a long-lasting (chronic) skin condition. It’s most common in babies and children, but adults can have it, too. As children with this condition get older, it may get better or go away. Or, the skin may stay dry and get irritated easily. In adults it tends to come and go for a long time.
People with atopic dermatitis may lack certain proteins that maintain the skin’s barrier to water. This can cause the skin to be very sensitive to irritants and more likely to get skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungus.
The most common symptoms of atopic dermatitis are:
Call your healthcare provider if:
You should not get the smallpox vaccine if you have atopic dermatitis. It could cause a serious reaction.
The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not known. It does not spread from person to person, and you cannot “catch” it.
Atopic dermatitis appears to be linked to both genetic (inherited from parents) and environmental factors. It’s more common in children whose parents have asthma or allergies. About 1 in 3 children with atopic dermatitis also have food allergies. People who live in cities or in dry climates are also more likely to have eczema.
People with eczema may find that common products, situations, or even foods cause the condition to flare up. These are sometimes referred to as “triggers.” Knowing your triggers can help you control your symptoms. Common eczema triggers include:
There is no test for atopic dermatitis. To find out if you have it, your healthcare provider may:
In some cases your healthcare provider may refer you to a doctor who specializes in skin problems (a dermatologist) or to an allergy specialist.
There is no cure for atopic dermatitis. The goals of treatment are to reduce itching and keep the skin moisturized. Your healthcare provider can help you make a plan.
Care at home can include:
Your healthcare provider may prescribe a medicine, a stronger cortisone cream, or recommend other treatments.