Hammertoes

If you have hammertoe, you might have symptoms, including:

• Pain in your feet, especially when wearing shoes
• Calluses or corns that are caused by the toes rubbing against your shoes
• Swelling or redness
• Bent toes
• Open sores that form when the joint contracts too much

The first test that a doctor will perform to see if you have hammertoe is a physical examination. During the exam, the doctor will look at your foot and ask you questions about your medical history. The doctor may move your foot and try to measure how much the toes have contracted. Sometimes multiple foot deformities may occur at the same time, so your doctor might also check for similar and related conditions like bunions, mallet toes, or claw toes. If additional testing is still needed, the doctor may take an x-ray of the foot to see how the joints look underneath the skin.

Hammertoe is usually caused by an imbalance between the muscles and the tendons in the toes. Hammertoe can also occur:

• As the result of wearing shoes that aren’t the right size.
• After a toe injury
• As a complication from diseases like arthritis and diabetes

Hammertoe is sometimes inherited (passed down in families). If your mother or father had this or related conditions, you might have a greater chance of getting hammertoe.

Hammertoes may be treated with either surgical or nonsurgical approaches. Nonsurgical treatment options include:

• Different shoes. Wearing shoes that put your toes under too much pressure can cause hammertoe. Stay away from shoes that have pointed toes or are too small. Shoes that have high heels can also damage your toes by forcing your foot forward. Make sure your feet fit comfortably.
• Medication. If you have severe hammertoe, it can be helpful to take medicine that reduces swelling and pain, such as ibuprofen.
• Splints. A splint can keep the toes in the correct place and reduce pain.
• Pads. Putting pads in your shoe can help prevent your toes from rubbing against the shoe and causing sores.

Surgical treatment may be helpful in restoring motion to severely contracted toes. If you have multiple foot deformities, like bunions or mallet toe, your surgeon may want to do several procedures to correct those issues as well.

One of the best ways to prevent hammertoe is to buy and wear shoes that fit correctly and provide enough support. It can also help to be aware of genetic factors and plan accordingly if you know you’re at risk. Don’t hesitate to meet with a foot specialist if you notice the early signs of hammertoe.